| A105/105M | “Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for piping applications” |
| A181/181M | “Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for General purpose piping” |
| A182/182M | “Standard Specification for forged or rolled alloy-steel pipe flanges, forged fittings and valves and parts for high-temperature service” |
| A230 | “Standard specification for steel wire oil – tempered carbon valve spring quality” |
| A232 | “Standard specification for chromium – vanadium alloy steel valve spring quality” |
| A338 | Standard specification for ultrasonic examination of heavy steel forgings |
| A350 | “Standard specification for forged or rolled carbon and alloy steel flanges forged fittings and valves and parts for low – temperature service” |
| A404 | “Standards specification for forged or rolled alloy – steel pipe flanges forged fittings and valves and parts specially heat treated for high temperature service” |
| A522 | Forged or rolled 8% and 9% nickel alloy steel flanges fittings valves and parts for low – temperature service |
| A694 | “Standard specification for forgings carbon and alloy steel for pipe flanges fittings valves and parts for high – pressure transmission service” |
| A727/727M | “Standard specification for carbon steel forgings for piping components with inherent notch toughness” |
| A961 | “Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, valves, and Parts for Piping Applications” |
| B16.1 – 1998 | “Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged FittingsThis Standard for Classes 25, 125, 250 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings covers:\n\n(a) pressure-temperature ratings,\n(b) sizes and method of designating openings of reducing fittings,\n(c) marking,\n(d) minimum requirements for materials,\n(e) dimensions and tolerances,\n(f) bolt, nut, and gasket dimensions and\n(g) tests.” |
| B16.10 | “Face to Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves” |
| B16.10 – 2000 | “Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves This Standard covers face-to-face and end-to-end dimensions of straightway valves, and center-to face and center-to-end dimensions of angle valves. Its purpose is to assure installation interchangeability for valves of a given material, type size, rating class, and end connection” |
| B16.11 – 2001 | “Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and ThreadedThis Standard covers ratings, dimensions, tolerances, marking and material requirements for forged fittings, both socket-welding and threaded.” |
| B16.12 – 1998 | “Cast Iron Threaded Drainage Fittings This Standard for cast iron threaded drainage fittings covers:\n\n(a) size and method of designating openings in reducing fittings\n(b) marking\n(c) materials\n(d) dimensions and tolerances\n(e) threading\n(f) ribs\n(g) coatings\n(h) face bevel discharge nozzles, input shafts, base plates, and foundation bolt holes (see Tables 1 and 2).” |
| B16.14 – 1991 | “Ferrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings and Lock-nuts with Pipe Threads This Standard for Ferrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings, and Lock-nuts with Pipe Threads covers:\n\n(a) pressure-temperature ratings:\n(b) size;\n(c) marking;\n(d) materials;\n(e) dimensions and tolerances;\n(f) threading; and\n(g) pattern taper.” |
| B16.15 – 1985 (R1994) | “Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings This Standard pertains primarily to cast Class 125and Class 250 bronze threaded pipe fittings. Certain requirements also pertain to wrought or cast plugs, bushings, couplings, and caps. This Standard covers:\n\n(a) pressure-temperature ratings;\n(b) size and method of designating openings of reducing pipe fittings;\n(c) marking;\n(d) minimum requirements for casting quality and materials;\n(e) dimensions and tolerances in U.S. customary and metric (SI) units;\n(f) threading.” |
| B16.18 – 1984 (R1994) | “Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings This Standard for cast copper alloy solder joint pressure fittings designed for use with copper water tube, establishes requirements for:\n\n(a) Pressure-temperature ratings;\n(b) Abbreviations for end connections;\n(c) Sizes and method of designating openings of fittings;\n(d) Marking;\n(e) Material;\n(f) Dimensions and tolerances; and\n(g) Tests.” |
| B16.20 – 1998 | “Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges-Ring-Joint, Spiral-Would, and Jacketed This standard covers materials, dimensions, tolerances, and markings for metal ring-joint gaskets, spiral-wound metal gaskets, and metal jacketed gaskets and filler material. These gaskets are dimensionally suitable for used with flanges described in the reference flange standards ASME/ANSI B16.5, ASME B16.47, and API-6A. This standard covers spiral-wound metal gaskets and metal jacketed gaskets for use with raised face and flat face flanges. Replaces API-601 or API-601.” |
| B16.21 – 1992 | “Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe FlangesThis Standard for nonmetallic flat gaskets for bolted flanged joints in piping includes:\n\n(a) types and sizes;\n(b) materials;\n(c) dimensions and allowable tolerances.” |
| B16.22 – 1995 | “Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure FittingsThe Standard establishes specifications for wrought copper and wrought copper alloy, solder-joint, seamless fittings, designed for use with seamless copper tube conforming to ASTM B 88 (water and general plumbing systems), B 280 (air conditioning and refrigeration service), and B 819 (medical gas systems), as well as fittings intended to be assembled with soldering materials conforming to ASTM B 32, brazing materials conforming to AWS A5.8, or with tapered pipe thread conforming to ASME B1.20.1. This Standard is allied with ASME B16.18, which covers cast copper alloy pressure fittings. It provides requirements for fitting ends suitable for soldering. This Standard covers:\n\n(a) pressure temperature ratings;\n(b) abbreviations for end connections;\n(c) size and method of designating openings of fittings;\n(d) marking;\n(e) material;\n(f) dimension and tolerances; and\n(g) tests.” |
| B16.23 – 1992 | “Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings (DWV)The Standard establishes specifications for cast copper alloy solder joint drainage fittings, designed for use in drain, waste, and vent (DWV) systems. These fittings are designed for use with seamless copper tube conforming to ASTM B 306, Copper Drainage Tube (DWV), as well as fittings intended to be assembled with soldering materials conforming to ASTM B 32, or tapered pipe thread conforming to ASME B1.20.1. This standard is allied with ASME B16.29, Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings – DWV. It provides requirements for fitting ends suitable for soldering. This standard covers:\n\n(a) description;\n(b) pitch (slope);\n(c) abbreviations for end connections;\n(d) sizes and methods for designing openings for reducing fittings;\n(e) marking;\n(f) material; and\n(g) dimensions and tolerances.” |
| B16.24 – 1991 (R1998) | “Cast Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings This Standard for Classes 25, 125, 250, and 800 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings covers:\n\n(a) pressure temperature ratings,\n(b) sizes and methods of designating openings for reduced fittings,\n(c) marking,\n(d) minimum requirements for materials,\n(e) dimensions and tolerances,\n(f) bolt, nut, and gasket dimensions, and\n(g) tests.” |
| B16.25 – 1997 | “Butt-welding Ends\n\nThe Standard covers the preparation of butt welding ends of piping components to be joined into a piping system by welding. It includes requirements for welding bevels, for external and internal shaping of heavy-wall components, and for preparation of internal ends (including dimensions and tolerances). Coverage includes preparation for joints with the following.\n(a) no backing rings;\n(b) split or non continuous backing rings;\n(c) solid or continuous backing rings;\n(d) consumable insert rings;\n(e) gas tungsten are welding (GTAW) of the root pass. Details of preparation for any backing ring must be specified in ordering the component.” |
| B16.26 – 1988 | “Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper TubesThis standard for Cast Copper Alloy Fitting for Flared Copper Tubes covers:\n\n(a) pressure rating;\n(b) material;\n(c) size;\n(d) threading;\n(e) marking.” |
| B16.28 – 1994 | “Wrought Steel Butt-welding Short Radius Elbows and ReturnsThis Standard covers ratings, overall dimensions, testing, tolerances, and markings for wrought carbon and alloy steel butt-welding short radius elbows and returns. The term wrought denotes fittings made of pipe, tubing, plate, or forgings.” |
| B16.29 – 1994 | “Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings (DWV) The standard for wrought copper and wrought copper alloy solder joint drainage fittings, designed for use with copper drainage tube, covers:\n\n(a) Description,\n(b) Pitch (slope),\n(c) Abbreviations for End Connections,\n(d) Sizes and Method of Designating Openings for Reducing Fittings,\n(e) Marking,\n(f) Material,\n(g) Dimensions and Tolerances.” |
| B16.3 – 1998 | “Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings This Standard for threaded malleable iron fittings Classes 150, and 300 provides requirements for the following:\n\n(a) pressure-temperature ratings\n(b) size and method of designating openings of reducing fittings\n(c) marking\n(d) materials\n(e) dimensions and tolerances\n(f) threading\n(g) coatings” |
| B16.33 – 1990 | “Manually Operated Metallic Gas Valves for Use in Gas Piping Systems Up to 125 psigGeneral This Standard covers requirements for manually operated metallic valves sizes NPS 1.2 through NPS 2, for outdoor installation as gas shut-off valves at the end of the gas service line and before the gas regulator and meter where the designated gauge pressure of the gas piping system does not exceed 125 psi (8.6 bar). The Standard applies to valves operated in a temperature environment between .20 degrees F and 150 degrees F (.29 degrees C and 66 degrees C). Design This Standard sets forth the minimum capabilities, characteristics, and properties, which a valve at the time of manufacture must possess, in order to be considered suitable for use in gas piping systems.” |
| B16.34 | “Valves – Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End” |
| B16.34 – 1996 | “Valves – Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End This standard applies to new valve construction and covers pressure-temperature ratings, dimensions, tolerances, materials, nondestructive examination requirements, testing, and marking for cast, forged, and fabricated flanged, threaded, and welding end, and wafer or flange-less valves of steel, nickel-base alloys, and other alloys shown in Table 1. Wafer or flange-less valves, bolted or through-bolt types, that are installed between flanges or against a flange shall be treated as flanged end valves.” |
| B16.36 – 1996 | “Orifice Flanges This Standard covers flanges (similar to those covered in ASME B16.5) that have orifice pressure differential connections. Coverage is limited to the following:\n\n(a) welding neck flanges Classes 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500\n(b) slip-on and threaded Class 300\n\nOrifice, Nozzle and Venturi Flow Rate Meters” |
| B16.38 – 1985 (R1994) | “Large Metallic Valves for Gas DistributionThe standard covers only manually operated metallic valves in nominal pipe sizes 2 1/2 through 12 having the inlet and outlet on a common center line, which are suitable for controlling the flow of gas from open to fully closed, for use in distribution and service lines where the maximum gage pressure at which such distribution piping systems may be operated in accordance with the code of federal regulations (cfr), title 49, part 192, transportation of natural and other gas by pipeline; minimum safety standard, does not exceed 125 psi (8.6 bar). Valve seats, seals and stem packing may be nonmetallic.” |
| B16.39 – 1986 (R1998) | “Malleable Iron Threaded Pipe Unions This Standard for threaded malleable iron unions, classes 150, 250, and 300, provides requirements for the following:\n\n(a) design\n(b) pressure-temperature ratings\n(c) size\n(d) marking\n(e) materials\n(f) joints and seats\n(g) threads\n(h) hydrostatic strength\n(i) tensile strength\n(j) air pressure test\n(k) sampling\n(l) coatings\n(m) dimensions” |
| B16.4 – 1998 | “Cast Iron Threaded FittingsThis Standard for gray iron threaded fittings, Classes 125 and 250 covers:\n\n(a) pressure-temperature ratings\n(b) size and method of designating openings of reducing fittings\n(c) marking\n(d) material\n(e) dimensions and tolerances\n(f) threading, and\n(g) coatings” |
| B16.40 – 1985 (R1994) | “Manually Operated Thermoplastic Gas The Standard covers manually operated thermoplastic valves in nominal sizes 1.2 through 6 (as shown in Table 5). These valves are suitable for use below ground in thermoplastic distribution mains and service lines. The maximum pressure at which such distribution piping systems may be operated is in accordance with the Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Title 49, Part 192, Transportation of Natural and Other Gas by Pipeline; Minimum Safety Standards, for temperature ranges of .20 deg. F to 100 deg. F (.29 deg. C to 38 deg. C). This Standard sets qualification requirements for each nominal valve size for each valve design as a necessary condition for demonstrating conformance to this Standard. This Standard sets requirements for newly manufactured valves for use in below ground piping systems for natural gas [includes synthetic natural gas (SNG)], and liquefied petroleum (LP) gases (distributed as a vapor, with or without the admixture of air) or mixtures thereof.” |
| B16.42 – 1998 | “Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Classes 150 and 300 The Standard covers minimum requirements for Class 150 and 300 cast ductile iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings. The requirements covered are as follows:\n\n(a) pressure-temperature ratings\n(b) sizes and method of designating openings\n(c) marking\n(d) materials\n(e) dimensions and tolerances\n(f) blots, nuts, and gaskets\n(g) tests” |
| B16.44 – 1995 | “Manually Operated Metallic Gas Valves for Use in House Piping SystemsThis Standard applies to new valve construction and covers quarter turn manually operated metallic valves in sizes NPS 1/2-2 which are intended for indoor installation as gas shutoff valves when installed in indoor gas piping between a gas meter outlet & the inlet connection to a gas appliance.” |
| B16.45 – 1998 | “Cast Iron Fittings for Solvent Drainage Systems The Standard for cast iron drainage fittings used on self-aerating, one-pipe Solvent drainage systems, covers the following:\n(a) description\n(b) sizes and methods for designating openings for reducing fittings\n(c) marking\n(d) material\n(e) pitch\n(f) design\n(g) dimensions and tolerances\n(h) tests” |
| B16.47 – 1996 | “Large Diameter Steel Flanges: NPS 26 through NPS 60 This Standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, and testing for pipe flanges in sizes NPS 26 through NPS 60 and in ratings Classes 75, 150,0300, 400, 600, and 900. Flanges may be cast, forged, or plate (for blind flanges only) materials. Requirements and recommendations regarding bolting and gaskets are also included.” |
| B16.48 – 1997 | “Steel Line BlanksThe Standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, and testing for operating line blanks in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 for installation between ASME B16. 5 flanges in the 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 pressure classes.” |
| B16.49 – 2000 | “Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-welding Induction Bends for Transportation and Distribution Systems This Standard covers design, material, manufacturing, testing, marking, and inspection requirements for factory-made pipeline bends of carbon steel materials having controlled chemistry and mechanical properties, produced by the induction bending process, with or without tangents. This Standard covers induction bends for transportation and distribution piping applications (e.g., ASME B31.4, B31.8, and B31.11) Process and power piping have differing requirements and materials that may not be appropriate for the restrictions and examinations described herein, and therefore are not included in this Standard.” |
| B16.5 – 1996 | Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings. The ASME B16.5 – 1996 Pipe Flanges and Flange Fittings standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods of designating openings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings. The standard includes flanges with rating class designations 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24, with requirements given in both metric and U.S units. The Standard is limited to flanges and flanged fittings made from cast or forged materials, and blind flanges and certain reducing flanges made from cast, forged, or plate materials. Also included in this Standard are requirements and recommendations regarding flange bolting, flange gaskets, and flange joints. |
| B16.9 – 2001 | “Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-welding Fittings,This Standard covers overall dimensions tolerancesratings testing” |
| B31 | “Standards of Pressure PipingB31 Code for pressure piping, developed by American Society of Mechanical Engineers – ASME, covers Power Piping, Fuel Gas Piping, Process Piping, Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids, Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components and Building Services Piping. ASME B31 was earlier known as ANSI B31.” |
| B31.1 – 2012 | “Power PipingPiping for industrial plants and marine applications. This code prescribes minimum requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, erection, test, and inspection of power and auxiliary service piping systems for electric generation stations, industrial institutional plants, central and district heating plants.\n\nThe code covers boiler external piping for power boilers and high temperature, high pressure water boilers in which steam or vapor is generated at a pressure of more than 15 PSIG; and high temperature water is generated at pressures exceeding 160 PSIG and/or temperatures exceeding 250 degrees F.” |
| B31.11 – 2002 | Slurry Transportation Piping Systems Design, construction, inspection, security requirements of slurry piping systems.Covers piping systems that transport aqueous slurries of no hazardous materials, such as coal, mineral ores and other solids between a slurry processing plant and the receiving plant. Gaseous and liquid hydrogen service and to pipelines in gaseous hydrogen service. |
| B31.12 – 2011 | “Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines” |
| B31.2 – 1968 | “Fuel Gas PipingThis has been withdrawn as a National Standard and replaced by ANSI/NFPA Z223.1, but B31.2 is still available from ASME and is a good reference for the design of gas piping systems (from the meter to the appliance).” |
| B31.3 – 2012 | “Process PipingDesign of chemical and petroleum plants and refineries processing chemicals and hydrocarbons, water and steam. This Code contains rules for piping typically found in petroleum refineries; chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, semiconductor, and cryogenic plants; and related processing plants and terminals.\n\nThis Code prescribes requirements for materials and components, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of piping. This Code applies to piping for all fluids including:\n(1) raw, intermediate, and finished chemicals;\n(2) petroleum products;\n(3) gas, steam, air and water;\n(4) fluidized solids;\n(5) refrigerants; and\n(6) cryogenic fluids. Also included is piping which interconnects pieces or stages within a packaged equipment assembly.” |
| B31.4 – 2012 | “Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids.This Code prescribes requirements for the design, materials, construction, assembly, inspection, and testing of piping transporting liquids such as crude oil, condensate, natural gasoline, natural gas liquids, liquefied petroleum gas, carbon dioxide, liquid alcohol, liquid anhydrous ammonia and liquid petroleum products between producers’ lease facilities, tank farms, natural gas processing plants, refineries, stations, ammonia plants, terminals (marine, rail and truck) and other delivery and receiving points.\n\nPiping consists of pipe, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, relief devices, fittings and the pressure containing parts of other piping components. It also includes hangers and supports, and other equipment items necessary to prevent overstressing the pressure containing parts. It does not include support structures such as frames of buildings, buildings stanchions or foundations\n\nRequirements for offshore pipelines are found in Chapter IX. Also included within the scope of this Code are:\n(A) Primary and associated auxiliary liquid petroleum and liquid anhydrous ammonia piping at pipeline terminals (marine, rail and truck), tank farms, pump stations, pressure reducing stations and metering stations, including scraper traps, strainers, and prover loop;\n(B) Storage and working tanks including pipe-type storage fabricated from pipe and fittings, and piping interconnecting these facilities;\n(C) Liquid petroleum and liquid anhydrous ammonia piping located on property which has been set aside for such piping within petroleum refinery, natural gasoline, gas processing, ammonia, and bulk plants;\n(D) Those aspects of operation and maintenance of liquid pipeline systems relating to the safety and protection of the general public, operating company personnel, environment, property and the piping systems.” |
| B31.5 – 2013 | “Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components. This Code prescribes requirements for the materials, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, test, and inspection of refrigerant, heat transfer components, and secondary coolant piping for temperatures as low as -320 deg F (-196 deg C), whether erected on the premises or factory assembled, except as specifically excluded in the following paragraphs.\n\nUsers are advised that other piping Code Sections may provide requirements for refrigeration piping in their respective jurisdictions.\n\nThis Code shall not apply to:\n(a) any self- contained or unit systems subject to the requirements of Underwriters Laboratories or other nationally recognized testing laboratory:\n(b) water piping;\n(c) piping designed for external or internal gage pressure not exceeding 15 psi (105 kPa) regardless of size; or\n(d) pressure vessels, compressors, or pumps,\n\nbut does include all connecting refrigerant and secondary coolant piping starting at the first joint adjacent to such apparatus.” |
| B31.8 – 2012 | “Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems. This Code covers the design, fabrication, installation, inspection, and testing of pipeline facilities used for the transportation of gas. This Code also covers safety aspects of the operation and maintenance of those facilities.” |
| B31.8S – 2012 | “Managing System Integrity of Gas PipelinesThis Standard applies to on-shore pipeline systems constructed with ferrous materials and that transport gas.\n\nPipeline system means all parts of physical facilities through which gas is transported, including pipe, valves, appurtenances attached to pipe, compressor units, metering stations, regulator stations, delivery stations, holders and fabricated assemblies.\n\nThe principles and processes embodied in integrity management are applicable to all pipeline systems. This Standard is specifically designed to provide the operator (as defined in section 13) with the information necessary to develop and implement an effective integrity management program utilizing proven industry practices and processes.\n\nThe processes and approaches within this Standard are applicable to the entire pipeline system.” |
| B31.9 – 2011 | “Building Services PipingThis Code Section has rules for the piping in industrial, institutional, commercial and public buildings, and multi-unit residences, which does not require the range of sizes, pressures, and temperatures covered in B31.1.\n\nThis Code prescribes requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, installation, inspection, examination and testing of piping systems for building services. It includes piping systems in the building or within the property limits.” |
| B31G – 2009 | “Manual for Determining Remaining Strength of Corroded PipelinesA supplement To B31 Code-Pressure Piping” |
| B462 | “Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled UNS N08020, UNS N08024, UNS N08026, UNS N08367, and UNS R20033 Alloy Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for Corrosive High-Temperature Service” |
| B834 | “Standard Specification for Pressure Consolidated Powder Metallurgy Iron-Nickel- Chromium-Molybdenum (UNS N08367) and Nickel- Chromium Molybdenum Columbium (Nb) (UNS N06625) Alloy Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts” |
| D5500 | “Standard Test Method for Vehicle Evaluation of Unleaded Automotive Spark-ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation” |
| F1020 | “Standard Specification for Line-Blind Valves for marine Applications El-1996 RI’1996)” |
| F1098 | “Standard Specification for Envelope Dimensions for Butterfly Valves – NPS 2 to 24 EI-1993 R(1993)” |
| F1271 | “Standard Specification for Spill Valves for Use in Marine Tank Liquid Overpressure Protections Applications EI-1995 R (1995)” |
| F1370 | “Standard Specification for Pressure Reducing valves for Water Systems, Shipboard” |
| F1508 | “Standard Specification for Angle Style, Pressure Relief Valves for Steam, Gas, and Liquid Services” |
| F1565 | “Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Steam Service” |
| F1792 | “Standard Specification for Special Requirements for Valves Used in Gaseous Oxygen Service” |
| F1793 | “Standard Specification for Automatic Shut-Off Valves (Also Known as Excess Flow Valves, EFV) for Air or Nitrogen Service” |
| F1794 | “Standard Specification for Hand operated, Globe-Style Valves for Gas (Except Oxygen Gas), and Hydraulic Systems” |
| F1795 | “Standard specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Air or Nitrogen Systems” |
| F885 | “Standard Specification for Envelope Dimensions for Bronze Globe Valves NPS 1/4 to 2 El-1996 R(1996)” |
| F992 | “Standard Specification for Valve Label Plates El-1997 R(1997)” |
| F993 | “Standard Specification for Valve Locking Devices El-1997 R(1997)” |
